USA 193, first ETX observations of NOSS 3-4, and comet 17P/Holmes

Last two nights (the evenings of 2008 Jan 5 and 6) were the first nights I tried to do visual position determinations on fainter satellites. Targets were the NOSS 3-4 A & C pair (07-027A & 07-027C).

The Meade ETX-70 (see picture below), a small and compact 7 cm/f 350 mm (F5) rich-field refractor, turns out to be a very nice instrument for satellite observing. It was cool to see 07-027A sail majestically in and out of the FOV, half a minute later followed by 07-027C. At 14x magnification with the 25 mm eyepiece, the FOV is over 3 degrees with (from the light-polluted mid-town location Cospar 4353 in Leiden center) a limiting magnitude at mag. +9.5.

(click image to enlarge)

The Meade ETX-70. Attached is a home-made piggyback mount for my camera

I had some problems operating my (new too) stopwatch though. During the Jan 5 attempt, I pushed a wrong button when I wanted to read out the memory, resulting in the loss of all 4 points. During the Jan 6 attempt, I did the same with 2 points on 07-027A after I had succesfully retrieved 2 points on 07-027C (plus another point on the same object taken during an earlier pass). Evidently, I still need some practise. Logging with the stopwatch, estimating the fraction between two stars crossed, and operating Ted's Obsreduce software all went surprisingly well though.

On Jan 5th in deep twilight I observed USA 193 (06-057A) zipping by. I got two camera points on it but apparently the times are off. This failed (?) reco sat keeps being a fine object to view as it is bright and very fast. If it's orbit continues to decay as it does now, the object will end its life around the first week of April.

On Jan 6th I observed, apart from the NOSS 3-4 pair, also Lacrosse 2 & 3.

The evening of January 6th was very clear, and I used the ETX-70 to function as guiding mount for the Canon Ixus camera. Target: comet 17P/Holmes.

The comet has grown very large (about 1.12 degree currently) and vey diffuse. Below is a photograph showing the comet which is a stack of 39 images of 15 second exposure each. The open cluster in top of the image is M34, the bright star below the comet is Algol. Because the ETX-70 is on an alt-azimuth mount and the comet was near the zenith, where the effect is largest, some field rotation is visible in the stars near the image edges.

(click image to enlarge)

Comet 17P/Holmes coma now over 5.5 million km wide: 4 times size of the sun!

Using my photograph of the 29th, astrometrically measured with Astrorecord, I updated my diagram of the growing size of comet 17P/Holmes' coma.

The coma is now over 5.5 million km wide. That is 4 times the size of the sun!

Two comets in one picture

After a week of clouds, the 29th December was a clear day. So in the evening I took the opportunity to bicycle 25 minutes to my dark spot "De Wilck" (Cospar 4354) a few km outside the town, with my new small portable Meade ETX-70 rich-field telescope.

The goal: getting some pictures of comets 17P/Holmes and 8P/Tuttle with my small Canon Ixus compact camera piggyback on the telescope.

I managed to shoot a nice picture showing both comets in one wide-field image, with the galaxies M31 and M33 as a bonus. It is shown below: it is a stack of 8 photographs exposed 15 seconds each.

(click image to enlarge)

I also made a series of images of 17P/Holmes with the Ixus zoomed in at maximum. Unfortunately, after 13 images the battery of the camera was empty. Below is the stack of these 13 photographs, exposed 15 seconds each with the ETX-70 as guiding scope:

(click image to enlarge)

Lacrosse 5r, ISS, Iridium flares and comet 17P/Holmes

Yesterday was frosty and clear, albeit a bit moisty at the start of the night. A first quarter moon was low in the south.

I observed a nice pass of the International Space Station, two Iridium flares, and a pass of the Lacrosse 5 Rocket (05-016B).

(click images to enlarge)

Comet 17P/Holmes has grown large and very diffuse and was the target after midnight, when the sky had become less moist and the moon had set. It could still be seen naked eye, but with more difficulty than previously. It is about a degree wide. Below is a stack of 6 imges of 10 seconds each in wide-field; and a stack of 55 images of 5 seconds each at maximum zoom.

(click images to enlarge)

Comet 17P/Holmes, 3 December

Yesterday evening saw very dynamic weather, with the sky changing from open to overcast and back to open again in matters of minutes. During the short clear periods, the sky was however very transparent.

Comet 17P/Holmes was easy to see with the naked eye, as a large diffuse cloud somewhat to the right of alpha Persei.

Between 23h and 0h local time I managed to shoot 40 photographs of 5 second exposure duration each. The stacked result of these photographs is below (Canon Digital Ixus 400 compact camera on fixed tripod):

(click image to enlarge)

I revised my series of coma diameter measurements. I had been measuring astride the nucleus, but as the position of the nucleas grew more and more a-centric, that no longer resembled the largest coma diameter (perpendicular to the outflow axis, to avoid the tail). So I re-measured all images, this time determining he true maximum diameter.

Revised diagrams are below. 17P/Holmes is currently some 3.7 million km large.

(click images to enlarge)

Comet 17P/Holmes getting larger and larger

Yesterday evening saw a period with clearings, which allowed me to photograph comet 17P/Holmes again. It is still visible by the naked eye, but less easy than 2 weeks ago (but still easier than M31). It is large now, going towards a degree (I measured a coma diameter of 50').

Below is a stack of 71 images of 5 seconds each with my Canon Digital Ixus 400 pocket camera on fixed tripod, and the lens on maximum zoom (3x).

(click image to enlarge)

I again combined last evening's image with previous images, showing the growth of the comet in 3 weeks time:

(click image to enlarge)

It was still clouded during the LEO satellite visibility window, alas.

Comet 17P/Holmes, 21.9 Nov 2007 (2)

In my previous post, I posted a 29 image stack of comet 17P/Holmes. I took 46 images that night but the software couldn't handle more than 29.

Using other software that can handle all 46 images, I get the result below, going deeper and showing the comet better:

(click image to enlarge)

I used the earlier 29 image stack to make a comparison again with images obtained the previous two weeks. This again illustrates nicely the clear expansion of the comet during these two weeks:

(click image to enlarge)

Comet 17P/Holmes, 21.9 Nov 2007

Yesterday evening it unexpectedly cleared. A bright waxing gibbous moon was in the sky, but nevertheless I managed to obtain a fine image of comet 17P/Holmes again. Visually, the comet was still visible by the naked eye, but less easy than previous due to the moonlight.

From the image obtained, I measured the coma to be 34.0' wide (that is more than an apparent moon diameter) at 2007 Nov 21.90. This corresponds to 2.4 million km in reality.

Below is the image obtained. It is a stack of 29 images of 5 seconds exposure each, taken with my Canon Digital Ixus 400 pocket camera at maximum zoom (3x) on a fixed tripod. Below the image are the updated size diagrams.

(click image to enlarge)

Comet 17P/Holmes over 2 million km large now

Another clear evening yesterday, so another photo-shoot on comet 17P/Holmes. It is still an easy naked-eye object even from the center of Leiden town, visible as a small cloud next to alpha Persei.

Compared to two nights ago the brighter inner part of the coma has now elongated and bifurcated. Below image is a stack of 29 images of 5 seconds each, taken from a fixed tripod with the Canon Digital Ixus 400 at maximum zoom (3x):

(click image to enlarge)

The bifurcation is more readily apparent in this false-colour version of the image:




A wide-field view ( a stack of 9 images of 10 seconds each) taken with the Ixus:

(click image to enlarge)

Using ASTRORECORD I measured the coma size on the zoomed image to be 29.0' (Nov 17.97), corresponding to 2 million km in reality:

"Follow that comet!" (updated)

Yesterday (Nov 15-16) around local midnight it cleared again, and with comet 17P/Holmes in the zenith this meant some nice photographic results again.

The comet is still growing in size, the growth being virtually linear. Yesterday (Nov 15.98 UTC) it was 25.8' large, as measured with ASTRORECORD.

Size measurements like these can be used to calculate the true size of the cometary coma in kilometers (that's a fairly easy calculation actually, as the distance to the comet is known). This is the result:

University of Hawaii astronomers recently used a 3.6 meter telescope do determine a size of just over 1.4 million km on Nov 9th: as can be seen above, my simple Ixus camera does the job as well as the 3.6 meter telescope in getting a similar size result ( I marked the Nov 9 size as I find it in the diagram with red lines).

Below image is the image I took last night (stack of 25 images of 5 second exposure each with the Canon Ixus at 3x maximum zoom), with parts of earlier images taken Nov 7 and Nov 11 put in at the corrects scale, position and orientation.

(click image to enlarge)

Below image shows a wide-field view. It is a stack of 7 images of 10 seconds each with the Ixus.

(click image to enlarge)

Continued 17P/Holmes coverage

Short but bright clearings between hailshowers late last evening allowed me to image comet 17P/Holmes again. It still is a naked eye object, and still growing rapidly. It was notably larger yesterday than 4 days before.

Below is a stack of 16 images exposed 5 seconds each with the Canon Digital Ixus 400 on a fixed tripos and maximum optical zoom (3x):

(click image to enlarge)

A false-colour version of this image draws attention to a slightly curved jet of gas flowing outwards (direction to the lower right in the image), and the egg-shaped coma (hint of a tail onset) that is the result:

(click image to enlarge)

Below, I have combined last evening's image with that taken 4 days earlier, to show not only the movement but also the visibly growing coma diameter in these 4 days time:

(click image to enlarge)

Next I used ASTRORECORD to measure the size of the coma on both images (these sizes were taken at an angle perpendicular to the sun-comet line). As the distance to the comet for these two dates is know, this allows a calculation of the actual size of the gas coma in km/miles. Last evening, this was 1.6 million km, or 1.0 million miles, growing at a rate of about 55 000 km/day or 2000 km/h:

date___________ _size____true size (km)__ _(miles)

2007 Nov 7.96___19.6’__ 1.380 million___0.862 million
2007 Nov 11.90__22.6’___1.599 million___0.999 million

Movement and coma size increase of 17P/Holmes visualized

Below image is a combination of photographs I took on two different nights just over a week apart. It clearly demonstrates not only the movement of comet 17P/Holmes amongst the stars, but also the increase in the size of it's coma.

(click image to enlarge)

Yet more comet 17P/Holmes

Late last evening (around local midnight)it cleared again, and unlike two days earlier this time the sky quality was good. 17P/Holmes was an easy object for the naked eye, even from the center of Leiden.

So I repeated the experiment with 5 second exposures from a fixed tripod with my Canon Digital Ixus 400 compact camera at maximum zoom. The result is much better than the previous attempt a few days ago. This image, a stack of 16 photographs exposed 5 seconds each, highly satisfies me!

(click image to enlarge)

I also took a number of 10 second wide field images again. Below image shows (a part of) a stack of 8 wide field images, 10 second exposure each. The full constellation of Perseus is visible, with the comet as a bright yellowish object just above the alpha Persei association.

(click image to enlarge)

More comet 17P/Holmes

After a week of very bad weather, it cleared last evening. The skies were far from perfect (haze, and flying clouds), but I could snap a few pictures of comet 17P/Holmes again. The comet is a bit fainter now, and larger, but still naked eye.

I experimented with taking images with my Canon Digital Ixus pocket camera on maximum zoom on a fixed tripod. The maximum exposure to retain pinpoint stars turned out to be 5 seconds in this setting. I took a large number of such exposures, and then stacked 17 of them to simulate a 85 second exposure (1m 25s). The result was much better than I expected, and hence I am curious what the result would be whenever the sky would really be good:

(click image to enlarge)

Comet 17P/Holmes

After a long period of cloudy skies, it finally cleared last evening. Not in time to catch satellites, but in time to catch comet 17P/Holmes.

Comet 17P/Holmes dramatically brightened a week ago, from mag. +16 (!) to mag +2.5 (!!). That is spectacular and no other comet is known to do this this dramatically.

Yesterday the skies cleared only after the moon was already up. Nevertheless, and nothwithstanding my location in the middle of a town center, I could easily spot the comet with the naked eye as a bright "fuzzy" star just east of the alpha Persei group. In my 20 x 80 binoculars, it was a very bright nebulous globe. There is no sign of a tail, only a round coma some 20 arcminutes in size.

In wide field pictures, the object appears stellar due to this reason. Below image is a "stack" of three 10.7s images with my Canon Digital Ixus 400 pocket camera on a fixed tripod (so no guiding).

(click image to enlarge to full size)