The NOSS 3-4 centaur rocket (07-027B): a nice new object

June 15 2007 saw the launch of NRO's NOSS 3-4 satellites. They belong to the new US Navy twin satellite constellation (the old NOSS-es were trio's) the purpose of which is to pinpoint the origin of shipping communications.

The payload couple (07-027A & C) and the last stage NOSS 3-4r Centaur rocket (07-027B) are now being tracked by amateurs. For me, the Centaur stage (07-027B) is the most interesting, as it is bright. It is also slow moving. And making zenith-passes near midnight for my station at the moment. Which all makes it a fine photographic target.

The object slowly tumbles, as is apparent from a very slow variation in magnitude. Over the course of a minute or so, it varies between mag. +4 and +1.5 on a zenith pass.

Last week I observed the object for the first time, on 3 different nights including last night (I observed a fine list of other objects from my regular observing program as well on these nights).

On the first two nights I was greatly hampered by drifting fields of cumuli but could nevertheless capture the object through gaps in the cloud cover. Last night was clear and I could follow it along a large part of its trajectory, the slow amplitude in brightness due to the tumbling being very apparent. Below three images show the object as captured on the nights of July 29-30, 30-31 and July 31-Aug 1.

(click images to enlarge)

Last night the first (out of 3) image of the object suffered from an attempted counter-intelligence attack though ;-)

Frenkie, the cat of my neighbour, joined me at the courtyard that night and started to hug me and my camera tripod in the way cats do. As a result the first image I obtained contained a wobbled satellite trail and I did not measure it. I chased away Frenkie, as lovely as he is, and shot two more images one of which is shown above.

(Frenkie is now suspected to be back at his CIA headquarters, reporting to his commander, who carefully trained him: "Meooow, mission only partly accomplished").

I also had an Iridium flare path center coming almost exactly over my house last night. It concerned Iridium 67 (98-021F) and it flared brilliantly to at least mag. -8. The flare had a distinct yellow colour.

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The previous night also saw a nice (less bright: mag -1) flare of Iridium 64 (98-021C):

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Another fine night, USA 193 bright & a Lacrosse 3 flare

Friday evening and Sunday evening saw two other observing opportunities. On Friday it remained restricted to Lacrosse 3 & the Lacrosse 5 rk (97-064A & 05-016B), as clouds came in at a certain point (this made me miss a predicted -8 Iridium flare alas). I saw Lacrosse 3 (97-064A) flare to mag +0.5 however at 23:30:44 UTC (Jul 20).

Sunday night was very fine however, and I catched Lacrosse 3 & 4, plus IGS 4A/R2 (07-005A) and USA 193 (06-057A). The latter was quite bright (+0.5) while passing in the northwest. The second of the two images below shows it as it is just disappearing out of sight behind the roof. The other image shows IGS 4A/R2.

USA 193 was 2.3s early relative to Ted's elset 07202.04020244.

(click images to enlarge)

Note: the time indicated in above image is in error, apologies.

Observing again

Last night was very clear, and I finally could get myself to observe again after a 2-month period of inactivity (see previous post).

In 3 hours observing time I catched a nice batch of objects: USA 193 (06-057A), IGS 4A/R2 (07-005A), Lacrosse 3 (97-064A), Lacrosse 4 (00-047A), the Lacrosse 5 rk (05-016B) and a nice -2 flare of Iridium 14 (99-032A). I also visually observed IGS 1B (03-009B) but the trail ends on the image were to marginal to measure.

Below pictures showing:

- the Japase radar reco satellite IGS 4A/R2 and the American radar reco satellitre Lacrosse 3 in one and the same image, in Cassiopeia;
- the flare of Iridium 14.

(click images to enlarge)

Note: the times listed in the Iridium flare picture are 10 seconds off from the real time

Inoperative period

Just a note that SatTrackCam/Cospar 4353 due to circumstances has been inoperative for a while, and might continue to be so for a while. Apart from the very bad weather we are experiencing the past weeks, a reason for this is in a tragic personal loss affecting my life currently.

IGS-es, USA 193, and other stuff during beautiful clear nights

SatTrackCam Leiden just experienced a few beautifully clear, dark & transparent nights. The result is a fine batch of positions on several objects, including Keyholes (USA 161), Lacrosses (3, 4 & 5), USA 193 and the old & new Japanese IGS-es. The latter include my first positions on IGS 4A/R2 (07-005A).

The first capture of the latter object was when I was waiting for its rocket launcher (IGS 4r/R2r, 07-005C) on the night of May 17-18. Suddenly a bright (+2) object appeared 2 minutes before 07-005C should, following a similar trajectory. I made a photograph and then found out it was the A component.

Due to a goof from my side I initially thought it was the optical satellite (due to it having the "A" designation, analogue to IGS 1A, 03-009A) and hence was surprised to find it was so bright. Only later I realized it is the (intrinsically brighter) radar sat.

Keyhole USA 161 (01-044A) was observed flaring on the 18th at 00:12:50 UTC (-1.5, slow) and 00:14:13 UTC (-1, short).

USA 193 (06-057A) was bright.

Lacrosse 5 (05-016A) was elusive. On the 18th, it initially was +2 low in the sky but then quickly faded beyond vision for much of the pass.

Below are trail images of the "new" IGS 4A/R2, it's rocket 4R/R2r cruising through Lyra, Lacrosse 3 cruising amongst the Coma cluster stars, and an Iridium flare in twilight.

(click images to enlarge)

Composite image of a USA 161 pass

Below image is a composite of two 10.7 second images, 35 seconds apart, made during yesterday's USA 161 (01-044A) pass. It includes the flare image posted earlier.

The stitch of the two images was made with Hugin/PTStitcher, the same software I use for my daylight panorama images.

The flare effect is even more accentuated in this composite, and the wide angle (roughly 50 x 50 degrees) makes several constellations well recognizable.

The glare in the lower right corner is reflection from a lamp on the courtyard.

(this image is of course reduced in size and compressed compared to the original, hence the fainter stars are lost).

(click image to enlarge)

USA 161 flare, beautiful evening

Yesterday evening was very clear, thanks to a strong wind blowing the clouds away. I could observe until 3 am, when clouds came in again.

Highlight of the session was Keyhole satellite USA 161 (01-044A). It was very bright for much of its pass (about +2) and then flared to mag. -1.5 at 00:00:46 UTC. It was so nice to do that while the camera was open: image is below.

Other catches included Lacrosses 3 & 4 (97-064A & 00-047A) and IGS 1B (03-009B). One of the Lacrosse 3 images also captured a stray, which turned out to be the Kosmos 2292 SL-8 rocket (94-061B). Several other bright strays were seen, three of them flaring nicely, while preparing the camera.

I had USA 161 some 0.6s late, IGS 1B some 2.6s late, Lacrosse 4 some 0.4s late, and Lacrosse 3 some 0.3s early.

(click image to enlarge)

Lacrosse 3

Phil Masding provided me with a number of potential flare time predictions for Lacrosse 3 (97-064A). The aim is to determine at what angle flares will be no longer visible.

Two of these predictions were for yesterday evening and as the sky was very clear again, I covered both.

At 21:30:38 UTC (2 seconds after the nominal prediction) and almost right in the zenith for me, Lacrosse 3 indeed "flared", albeit very modestly. The short increase in brightness was no more than say 0.5 magnitudes but discernable. Below is the image (visually, the "flare" was somewhat better discernable).

On the other hand, during the second predicted time (23:12:38) Lacrosse 3 did nothing, it was steady as usual.

(click image to enlarge)

First observation of one of the new IGS objects

I managed to observe one of the new Japanese IGS eastern plane objects for the first time this night (see image below). It concerned the rocket-booster, 07-005C (#30588), which amateur trackers name either IGS 4r or IGS R2r.

It made a zenith pass and was bright and easy, mag. +1.5 in the zenith and about +2 when passing close to Polaris. It was steady, no sign of tumbling.

(click image to enlarge)

Flares of USA 186, Lacrosse 3 and an Iridium

Another very clear evening in which the sky was so transparent that the moon was no real hindrance.

I observed 3 flares. Iridium 47 flared to mag. -1.5 in twilight at virtually the same spot as yesterday's -6 Iridium 25 flare. The picture is below.

At 20:52:23 UTC I saw USA 186 (05-052A), which was faint during the rest of its pass, flare to mag. -2 in the north. Alas not on photograph.

I was more lucky with Lacrosse 3 (97-064A) which flared to mag. +1.5 at 21:01:34 UTC while the camera was open (see below image, the bright star left is Arcturus).

I also observed IGS 1B (03-009B), on a zenith pass. It was faint again and irregular, quite unlike its visibility in earlier years.

I am very tired currently, but given the unusually clear skies I might try some additional observations this morning on the new IGS objects.

(click images to enlarge)

Iridium flare season

It was very transparent last night, to the extend that the full moon didn't seem to hamper much. Alas I had not much opportunity to observe, as I was franticly making the last final edits to a research proposal, the dead-line of which was this afternoon.

I did catch this fine mag. -6 flare of Iridium 25 at 51 degree elevation in the east though (see image below). The season of many bright Iridium flares high in the sky has started again

Main focus at the moment is still on gathering material to calibrate the times of my camera. Currently a recalibration of -0.30 s (as opposed to the -0.35s I initially took) seems to get times in line.

Interestingly, this -0.30s means the time calibration value is similar again to that which I initially obtained way back in August 2005. It then jumped by 0.3s after I made a change in my camera settings in September 2005. Apparently now it is back at the old value again. I did not consciously make another change in my camera settings, but have accessed the camera recently with Canon software to test that software, and apparently it did change settings.

(click image to enlarge)

USA 116 flaring

Pierre recovered USA 116 (95-066A) on the 24th. I observed it this morning, making a nice pass high west.

It was bright for much of its track, +2 to +1, and slowly flared to +0.5 at 02:05:45 UTC (29 April) on the Bootes-Corona Borealis border. An image of this flare is below.

Five minutes earlier I observed a nice flare of Iridium 61 (predicted -8 but I think it was a bit fainter), see also below (2nd image).

(click images to enlarge)

Another METOP-A flare, hazy skies and timings again

The skies have turned hazy since yesterday. With the moon and the urban environment, this means serious tracking is very difficult.

I observed another flare of METOP-A (06-044A) yesterday (25 Apr) at 20:08:42 UTC. I watched this pass because the track and time were very close to that of the flare observation of the 20th.

Indeed, it flared at virtually the same spot, in the tail of the Big Dipper. Due to the conditions the brightness was difficult to estimate: certainly mag. 0, possibly -1. With the naked eye I could barely make out the dipper stars itself, but the flare was easily visible.

There are still some strange things going on with my timings. I have chosen to target as many non-classifieds as possible to get some insight into the timing consistency.

4 flares in 15 minutes

This morning and evening of the 22nd, I managed to catch a number of fine flares again, four of which occurred within a time span of 15 minutes:

- two Iridium flares (-2 and -5, by Iridium 61 and 03 resp.);
- two USA 186 flares (-0.5 and 0), 20:44:33 and 20:45:26 UTC;
- a Lacrosse 4 flare (+1, predicted by Phil Masding), 20:41:54 UTC.

Images are below. The evening ended early when cirrus came in.

The Lacrosse flare was predicted by Philip Masding (just like the Lacrosse flare of yesterday) to within 2 seconds of time exactly.

Flares never bore me, they are always exciting to watch, and even more so when they occur at random and are so nice to do so while the camera is open....

(click images to enlarge)

A timing re-calibration and another flare bonanza

Following the discovery of time discrepancies having crept into my results, I have added a -0.35 second correction as of last evening's results. The results now come much more in-line again.

In order to test this I targeted a number of objects last night, including some Iridium passes. Apart from two Iridium flares, I managed to catch some flares of classifieds again.

Here is Keyhole USA 186 (05-042A) flaring to mag. 0 in the east at 20:21:25 UTC:

(click image to enlarge)

Philip Masding notified me ahead of a possible Lacrosse 4 (00-047A) flare at 21:46:15 UTC: I observed it flaring to mag. +0.5 at 21:46:17 UTC:

(click image to enlarge)

USA 129 (96-072A) flared to -1 at 20:34:30 UT in the sickle of Leo, alas inbetween two images, and in general was bright in the first half of its pass:

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ISS made a nice pass close to Procyon in deep twilight. The wisps of cirrus still present at that time would rapidly dissolve:

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Timing errors and a mag. -5 IGS 1B flare

After the unexpected METOP-A flare of yesterday evening, I was surprised by another unexpected flare. And what a flare: it concerned the failed Japanese radar satellite IGS 1B (03-009B) flaring at about 21:06:20 UTC to magnitude -5!

It happened after I had taken a photograph of IGS 1B and was in the process of moving my tripod to another corner of the courtyard. I suddenly saw it flaring so brilliantly with a distinct yellowish colour and my jaw dropped. I didn't get the chance to aim and get a shot of it.

I have never seen IGS 1B do this before. Together with the somewhat irregular brightness behaviour in past evening sightings, I think it underlines that it is tumbling out of control.

On a less positive note, I seem to have developed a time lag in my positions lately. They seem to be about 0.35 seconds too late in general. All positions produced from now on will incorporate a 0.35s correction therefore and we'll see whether things get in line again.

The most likely source of the timing error is in the camera (another much less likely option is in the DCF77 signal). Indeed I recently did access my camera with other software than usual, which seems to have done something to my settings.

The timing accuracy keeps being a head-ache and the bottle-neck of the technique I employ, together with the effects of random noise (and the noise suppression routine) in the image.

Yet for now my current equipment is all I can afford, so I'll just have to do with it.

Below is another image of yesterday, showing Keyhole USA 129 (96-072A) crossing at mag. +1 close to the coma cluster (here shown at reduced resolution, so some of the fainter stars are lost).

(click image to enlarge)

Bonus flare of unknown (=Metop-A) with USA 129 (UPDATED)

"Something" just produced a fine mag. -1.5 flare only a few degrees from USA 129. I have not identified the flaring object yet. I could see the two cruise up with each other on roughly parallel tracks, a few degrees apart, USA 129 at +2.5, in Ursa Major. The flarer was leading and produced the flare at 20:12:10 UTC. See image below. The fainter trail is USA 129.

USA 129 itself (I believe) produced a flare of mag. 0 low in the east at about 20:11:00 and remained bright for tens of seconds after that. I catched it still being +1 some 20 seconds later.

More later, including (I hope) the flarer ID after I have measured the image and have dan an ID run with the positions.

Update: the flaring object is identified as Metop-A, 06-044A. With thanks to Russell Eberst and Arnold Barmettler.

(click image to enlarge)

Flare Galore! And IGS 1B tumbling?

Flare Galore this evening! Three objects were observed flaring: keyholes USA 186 (05-042A), USA 129 (96-072A), and Lacrosse 4 (00-047A).

The USA 186 flare was spectacular, see the image below. It was a complex double flare. First it very slowly flared to mag. -1.5, peaking round about 20:53:00 UTC. When it was still fading from that flare, a second very short flare was seen at about 20:53:11 UTC. This flare terminated very suddenly, the sat becoming faint in an instance.

Below image shows it all. The peak of the first -1.5 flare coincides more or less with start of the exposure and is at down left (movement is from down left to upper right). The second flare can be seen at upper right. It ended very abruptly with the sat going to naked eye near-invisibility almost at an instance. update (19/04/07): the faint trail extension I thought was real, turns out to be an image artifact.

(click images to enlarge)

Shortly after this, USA 129 flared as well, albeit more modest than USA 186 ten minutes earlier. It reached about mag. +1 at 21:03:30 UTC. The image below shows it fading directly after the flare peak.

(click image to enlarge)

The third flare of this night was produced by Lacrosse 4, and predicted to me by Philip Masding. His prediction was for 21:37:34 UTC: it flared at 21:37:37 UTC. It was a modest flare only. The image is below, the brightness modestly peaks in the second part of the trail.

(click image to enlarge)

This evening I finally successfully observed and captured IGS 1B (03-009B), the Japanese radar satellite that recently reportedly failed. It made a shadow exit at 23:52:50 UTC and was of mag. +2 immediately following that. In the next minute it slowly, irregularly but clearly varied in brightness with an amplitude of about 0.5 to 1 magnitude.

This is quite unlike its steady brighness in past years, so it appears that after the power failure its attitude is now out of control and it is tumbling.

In the image below it is fading, shortly after the end of the exposure it shortly gained brightness again.

(click image to enlarge)

In addition to this all I also watched and photographed a fine pass of the International Space Station around 20:32 UTC, and spotted and photographed a bright stray object near 20:51 UTC while waiting for USA 186: I still have to identify this object as I have not measured that image yet.

Flares of Iridium 14, ISS (!), USA 186 and Lacrosse 4

This evening (the 16th) and the evening of the 14th I observed two nice flares of the same Iridium satellite, Iridium 14 (99-032A). On the 14th it flared to mag. -5, and this evening to -6 (top foto), in twilight. Less than a minute earlier Iridium 70 flared at virtually the same position, but less brightly.

(click images to enlarge)

The International Space Station (ISS) made a number of fine bright passes as well the past days. below are two images of April 14 and 15, including a fine mag. -3.5 twilight pass (top image).

(click images to enlarge)

My new neighbours were on the courtyard enjoying the mid-summer like temperatures (+28 C daytime this weekend, very unusual for mid-April) when I was targetting the twilight pass on the 15th. Seeing me put up my tripod, they asked me what I was doing. I explained, and then pointed out the rising ISS to them. At first they didn't believe me, thinking it was an aircraft, but then they realized I had predicted it to appear, so I probably was right. Still, I could see a look in their face that probably meant something like: "A nutter, but not a dangerous one...".

ISS did something unusual during the 2nd evening pass on the 15th. It was low in the west crossing into Gemini at mag. -2 or so, when suddenly (as if a switch was turned) it flared up by at least 1.5 to 2 extra magnitudes, for maybe a second or 2-3, and then back to its previous brightness again. Very conspicuous. I also had the impression of an orange colour but that could be due to the low elevation. Never seen this before with ISS. Time was approximately 21:07:15 UTC (Apr 15).

Lacrosse 4 (00-047A) flared as well that evening, briefly to mag. +0.5. This was either at 23:09:53 or 23:10:03 UTC (there is some confuson with me about the correct time).

05-042A (USA 186) shortly flared to mag. 0 at 19:45:58 UTC on Apr 15. I catched this flare on photograph but it is so short it is almost stellar. I saw it flare again on the 16th at 20:08:27, to mag. -1 and again very short (maybe a second duration).

Strangely enough I again failed to spot IGS 1B (03-009B), the Japanese radar satellite that recently had a power failure, on the 15th. This although this was a zenith pass, with the sat emerging out of eclipse in the zenith. But I could see no trace of it visually and on the photographs. This while previously this satellite would easily be visible, attaining magnitude +1.5 to +2 during high passes.

Especially the 15th resulted in a nice batch of positions on various objects.

USA 129: 0.6s early and bright

USA 129 (96-072A) flared again to mag. -1 at about 19:56:50 UTC in the bum of Leo. It was some 0.6s early, so it looks like no manoeuvre yet. On the 9th perigee of the satellite coincided with equator crossing, which is usually the moment KH's manoeuvre.

Below image started some 10 seconds after the flare peak and shows USA 129 still bright, fading from +1 to +2, between Leo's bum and the coma cluster.

(click image to enlarge)